X
Products
New Arrivals
New Products
IFA L60
L60-Engine
1000 -
Engine
1050 -
Engine suspension
1065 -
Water radiator
1070 -
Expansion tank
1075 -
Air cleaner
1080 -
Clutch housing
1085 -
Clutch booster
1090 -
Clutch
1095 -
Engine brake
1097 -
Gear pump
1098 -
Crankcase
1100 -
Crankcase
1101 -
Crankshaft and camshaft bearings
1105 -
Control housing
1110 -
Flywheel housing
1115 -
Oil sump
1120 -
Tachometer drive
1125 -
Crankcase breather
1130 -
Cranshaft
1135 -
Piston and connecting rod
1136 -
Conn. rod bearing shells
1140 -
Cylinder liner
1145 -
Cylinder head
1146 -
Cylinder head gasket
1150 -
Cylinder head cover
1155 -
Camshaft
1160 -
Rocker bracket
1165 -
Cooling
1170 -
Oil pump
1175 -
Oil lines
1180 -
Oil filter combination
1185 -
Injection system
1190 -
Fuel filter and lines
1195 -
Generator
1200 -
Starter
1205 -
Intake system, cold start device
1210 -
Exhaust system
1215 -
Compressor
1220 -
Coolant pump
1225 -
Fan operation clutch
1230 -
Oil filter - components
1235 -
Centrifuge - component
1240 -
Injection pump - comonents
1245 -
Idling - Maximum speed governor
1260 -
Fuel pump
1265 -
Fuel filter and injection valve
1270 -
Generator components
1275 -
Sliding armature starter
1277 -
Bosch type starter
1280 -
Compressor - components
L60-Gearbox and Transfer gear
1400 -
Change-sp. gearbox - 4x4
1511 -
Secondary gearbox NH 30/2
1516 -
Secondary gearbox NH 7/2
1530 -
Change-speed gearbox housing
1540 -
Drive housing
1550 -
Main shaft
1560 -
Layshaft
1570 -
Gear-shift cover
1575 -
Gear-shift cover top part
1590 -
Transfer gearbox housing
1600 -
Transfer gearbox shafts
1615 -
Joint shaft
1625 -
Gearbox suspension
1635 -
Change-speed gearbox shifting
1645 -
Valve block assembly
1655 -
Valve block
1660 -
Flexible shafts assembly
1670 -
Secondary gearbox control
1673 -
Splitter unit housing
1676 -
Splitter unit shafts
1677 -
Splitter unit end part
1692 -
Secondary gearbox components
1698 -
Secondary gearbox components
L60-Front axle
1740 -
Front axle 4x2
1744 -
Front wheel hub 4x2
1770 -
Front disc wheels
1776 -
Low pressure front disc wheels
1780 -
Front wheel hub
1785 -
Front wheel drive
1795 -
Front swivel bearing housing
1800 -
Front axle body
1810 -
Front differential
1820 -
Front bevel gear bearing
1840 -
Front differential lock
1845 -
Wheel brake for front axle 4x2
1850 -
Wheel brake for front axle 4x4
1852 -
Front brake cylinder 4x2
1855 -
Front brake cylinder 4x4
1860 -
Front track rod
L60-Rear axle
1905 -
Rear wheel hub
1910 -
Rear wheel hub
1920 -
Rear axle body
1930 -
Rear differential
1940 -
Rear bevel gear bearing
1950 -
Rear bevel drive
1960 -
Rear differential lock
1970 -
Rear disc wheels
1971 -
Low pressure rear disc wheels
1980 -
wheel brake for rear axle
1985 -
Rear brake cylinder 4x4
1986 -
Rear brake cylinder 4x2
L60-Steering
2000 -
Steering 4x4
2006 -
Steering 4x2
2010 -
Hydraulic steering gear 4x4
2015 -
Power steering 4x4
2030 -
Oil tank and pipe assembly
L60-Break system
2080 -
Scheme for break system - 4x2 Tipper Version
2120 -
Automatic load-controlled brake installation
2140 -
Engine brake control/reversing support
2153 -
Brake units 4x4
2156 -
Brake units 4x2
2160 -
Automatic load-controlled brake 4x4
2165 -
Spring loaded unit installation
2168 -
Spring loaded unit installation
2171 -
Spring loaded unit mounting and hoses
2185 -
Brake valve operation
2199 -
Preloading cylinder
2206 -
Spring loaded unit - components
2209 -
Two circuit trailer control valve
2210 -
Pneumatic test connections
2212 -
Automatic drain valve
2213 -
Pneumatic coupling for two circuit trailer
2214 -
Pneumatic Coupling for trailer
2215 -
Break pressure transformer
2220 -
One circuit master brake cylinder
2300 -
Air pipes
2330 -
Air hoses - d6
2347 -
Air pipes 6mm
2366 -
Air pipes - compressor
2386 -
Brake hydraulics system 4x4
2389 -
Hydraulic pipes for 4x2 brake
L60-Chassis
2441 -
Rear cross beam 1
2457 -
Front spring bracket
2485 -
Rear spring bracket - front
2488 -
Rear spring bracket - rear
2494 -
Auxiliary spring bracket - rear
2510 -
Mudguard front
2513 -
Mudguard front
2520 -
Bumper - military
2523 -
Bumper - civilian
2550 -
Road spring front assembly 4x4
2553 -
Road spring front assembly 4x2
2560 -
Road spring front - parts 4x4
2563 -
Road spring front - parts 4x2
2570 -
Rear spring assembly 4x4
2576 -
Rear spring assembly 4x2
2580 -
Road spring rear - 4x4
2583 -
Road spring gear - parts 4x2
2590 -
Shock absorber front
2610 -
Shock absorber rear 4x4
2616 -
Schock absorber rear 4x2
2625 -
Front axle stop 4x4
2628 -
Front axle stop 4x2
2637 -
Rear axle stop 4x4
2640 -
Rear axle stop 4x2
2650 -
Exhaust system without absorber
2653 -
Exhaust system with absorber
2670 -
Fuel system
2700 -
Spare wheel holder - fixed platform version
2703 -
Spare wheel holder - tipper version
2720 -
Battery mounting
2760 -
Towing hitch
2770 -
Towhook coupling
2775 -
Pin coupling
2790 -
Rear mudguard
2796 -
Mudguard bracket
2856 -
Auxiliary spring bracket rear
2866 -
Rear spring rear bracket
2910 -
Underrun protection
L60-Electrical components
3001 -
Windscreen washer
3005 -
Windscreen wiper
3010 -
Headlight
3020 -
Rear lighting system
3022 -
Rear lighting system with licence plate light
3025 -
Trailer plug- and hand lamp socket
3030 -
Front lighting and plug socket
3035 -
Map light, dual-tone horn, spotlamp
3050 -
Main switch
3060 -
Relays and fuse boxes
3065 -
Tail light and fog light
3107 -
Harness for chassis 4x4 fixed platform military version
3108 -
Harness for chassis 4x4 fixed platform version with underrun protector
3110 -
Harness for engine
3113 -
Harness for headlamp
3114 -
Harness for roof lights
3115 -
Harness for chassis 4x4 tipper version
3119 -
Harness for cab dashboard
3120 -
Harness for cab relays
3125 -
Harness for chassis 4x4 fixed platform version
L60-Cabin
3390 -
Cab body elements
3400 -
Cab components
3410 -
Door components
3415 -
Door components - locks, hinges
3420 -
Mirror with 90° holder
3422 -
Mirror with 45° holder
3430 -
Access 4x2
3431 -
Einstieg für Niederdruckbereifung
3432 -
Access 4x4
3435 -
Grille
3440 -
Roof flap - round
3441 -
Ventilation flap - angular
3445 -
Splash guard for cab
3455 -
Windscreens
3460 -
Inner linings
3465 -
Heating system assembly
3471 -
Heating system components
3475 -
Depository and cover
3490 -
Dashboard
3500 -
Dashboard instruments for 4x4 fixed platform version
3516 -
Dashboard instruments for 4x4 tipper
3518 -
Dashboard instruments for 4x2
3525 -
Seats
3530 -
Seat stand
3540 -
Pipes to dashboard
3550 -
Pipes for engine break
3565 -
Accelerator
3580 -
Clutch pedal bracket
3585 -
Brake pedal bracket
3590 -
Engine brake valve
3595 -
Hand brake valve
3610 -
Engine bonnet facing
3620 -
Summary of cab supports
3630 -
Cab support - front
3640 -
Cab support - left rear
3650 -
Cab tilt lock
3660 -
Cab support - rear right with lock
3670 -
Cab safety support
3680 -
Cab hydraulic
3685 -
Clutch main cylinder
3688 -
Cab plunger pump
L60-Platform, Special structures
3700 -
Platform for 4x4 fixed platform version
3710 -
Platform 4x2 fixed version
3780 -
Rear mudguard - 4x4 military
3782 -
Rear mudguard - 4x4 civilian
3783 -
Rear mudguard - 4x2
3789 -
Rear reflector lateral
3790 -
Jerry can holder and towing rod
3800 -
Intermediate frame
3810 -
Tipper body
3820 -
Tipper body
3840 -
Hydraulic diagram of Tipper
3855 -
Tipper hydraulic assembly
3890 -
Operating cylinder compnents
3895 -
Non-return valve and Micro-S filter
3900 -
Gear pump
3905 -
Coupler half
3910 -
Return valve and rotary valve
3915 -
Return valve lever
IFA W50
W50-Engine
0001 -
Engine summary und suspension
0003 -
Radiator
0004 -
Air filter front
0005 -
Air filter rear
0006 -
Clutch housing
0007 -
Clutch
0008 -
Engine brake
0009 -
Crankcase, Oilsump, Heat exchanger
0010 -
Crankshaft with flywheel
0011 -
Cylinder block, Cylinder head
0012 -
Valve gear
0013 -
Cooling equipment
0014 -
Cooling for involute heat exchanger
0015 -
Oil line, Suction line, Filter
0016 -
Injection pump
0017 -
Alternator
0018 -
Starter amd Cool-start device
0019 -
Induction and exhaust system
0020 -
Compressor
0021 -
Coolant pump
0022 -
Oil filter combination
0023 -
Fuel fileter components
0025 -
Injection pump - components
0026 -
Injection pump coupling, Timing device
0027 -
Fuel pump components
0028 -
Variable-speed governor components
0030 -
Nozzle holder - components
0031 -
Alternator components
0035 -
Starter components 2
0037 -
Sliding armature starter - components
0038 -
Compressor components
W50-Gearbox
0053 -
Transfer gerbox
0062 -
Gearbox housing
0063 -
Drive housing
0064 -
Main shaft
0065 -
Layshaft
0066 -
Tarminal cover with speedometer drive
0067 -
Gear-shift cover
0069 -
Gear-shift cover upper part
0070 -
Light-power secondary drive with flange
0071 -
Light-power secondary drive for gear pump
0072 -
Transfer gearbox - components
0073 -
Speedometer drive, Output shaft front
0074 -
Transfer gearbox with secondary drive and flange
0075 -
Transfer gearbox with secondary drive for pump
0076 -
Control cylinder
0077 -
Heavy-duty secondary drive
0078 -
Heavy-duty secondary drive components
0079 -
Control cylinder for heavy-duty secondary drive
0080 -
Assembly of propeller shafts
0081 -
Gearbox suspension
0082 -
Control for change-speed gearbox / LH-steering
0083 -
Control für light-power secondary drive
0085 -
Propeller shafts - components
0089 -
Joint shaft with intermediate bearing
W50-Front axle
0101 -
Front axle, non-driven
0102 -
Front wheel hub - 4x2
0103 -
Front axle, driven
0104 -
Front axle fork
0105 -
Front axle, driven with air guide stub
W50-Rear axle
0152 -
Axle drive housing
0153 -
Differential gear
0154 -
Bevel-pinion bearing
0155 -
Inner axle shafts
0156 -
Differential lock
0157 -
Wheel back gear
0158 -
Axle stub
0159 -
Outer axle shaft
0160 -
Rear axle with air ducting
W50-Steering
0201 -
Steering
0203 -
Steering linkage
0204 -
Hydraulic steering
0205 -
Hydraulic steering 521 and 523 components
0207 -
Pump drive and pipes
0209 -
Steering servo pump components
W50-Break system
0220 -
Block diagram of pneumatic system 1
0222 -
Block diagram of pneumatic system 3
0223 -
Block diagram of pneumatic system 4
0225 -
Block diagram of pneumatic system 6
0226 -
Block diagram of pneumatic system 7
0229 -
Block diagram of hydraulic brake system 1
0230 -
Block diagram of hydraulic brake system 2
0231 -
Block diagram of hydraulic brake system 3
0233 -
Diagram of pneumatic part of handbrake 1
0235 -
Diagram of pneumatic part of handbrake 2
0240 -
Diagram of pneaumatic part of engine brake
0245 -
Block diagram of control of trailer brake
0248 -
Block diagram of oil pressure control
0253 -
Pressure regulator
0255 -
Hand brake valve
0256 -
Automatic load control brake
0257 -
Spring-loaded unit, releasing device, power balancer
0258 -
Spring-loaded unit
0259 -
Brake booster valve BV3-F
0260 -
Two circuit master cylinder
0261 -
Wheel brake front
0263 -
Wheel brake rear
0264 -
Brake readjusting device
0265 -
Wheel cylinder
W50-Chassis
0282 -
Chassis frame parts
0283 -
Front spring assembly
0284 -
Front spring components
0285 -
Rear spring assembly
0286 -
Rear spring components
0287 -
Front shock absorber assembly and components
0288 -
Rear shock absorber assembly and components
0291 -
Exhaust system backward
0292 -
Exhaust system upward
0294 -
Fuel tank
0295 -
Fuel pipes
0303 -
Clutch pedal
0304 -
Clutch linkage
0305 -
Brake pedal and linkage
0306 -
Accelerator linkage and hand throttle
0307 -
Accelerator
0310 -
Rear mudguard for tipper
0322 -
Mudguard holder assembly
0324 -
Bumper
0327 -
Chassis frame components 1
0328 -
Chassis frame components 2
W50-Electrical components
0351 -
Battery and battery cable
0352 -
Main switch for 12V system
0357 -
Harness - chassis
0358 -
Instruments
0359 -
Windscreen Wiper
0360 -
Headlamp
0361 -
Electric Assembly
0362 -
Rear-side lighting
0363 -
Windscreen washer
0368 -
Instrumets
W50-Cabin
0401 -
Cab assortment 1
0402 -
Cab components
0403 -
Grille and roof flap
0405 -
Splash guard
0406 -
Cab doors
0407 -
Accessories of the door
0408 -
Depository and dashboard
0410 -
Engine bonnet
0412 -
Driver and assistant driver seat
0413 -
Seat components
0416 -
Inner lining 1
0418 -
Glass panes
0419 -
Floor plates
0420 -
Heater control
0421 -
Hose for heater equipment
0422 -
Heater
0423 -
Ventilating tubes with fan
0427 -
Driver cab repair parts
W50-Platform, Special structures
0452 -
Platform components for wooden platform
0453 -
Rear mudguard, tool box
0455 -
Intermediate frame for 2- and 3-side tipper
0456 -
Tipper body for 2- and 3-side tipper
0462 -
Hydraulic scheme 1
0465 -
Return valve
0467 -
Gear pump components
0468 -
Trailer change valve - 2 SK5 and 3 SK5
0469 -
Control- and pressure-limiting valve
0471 -
Intermediate piece for geared pump
0474 -
Working cylinder
Other DDR vehicles
BAUKEMA parts
BAUKEMA SHM 4 parts
MULTICAR parts
MULTICAR M21
MULTICAR M22
MULTICAR M24
MULTICAR M24 Engine
MULTICAR M24 Electrical components
MULTICAR M24 Cabin
MULTICAR M25
MULTICAR M25 Engine
MULTICAR M25 Gerabox
MULTICAR M25 Front axle
MULTICAR M25 Rear axle
MULTICAR M25 Brake system
MULTICAR M25 Electrical components
MULTICAR M25 Cabin
MULTICAR M25 Special structures
ROBUR parts
ROBUR LD parts
ROBUR LO parts
Tractors and Agricultural vehicles
FORTSCHRITT E281 Combine harvester
FORTSCHRITT E514 Combine harvester
FORTSCHRITT E516 Combine harvester
FORTSCHRITT E524 Combine harvester
FORTSCHRITT ZT303 Tractor
FORTSCHRITT ZT323 Traktor
WEIMAR T174 Excavator
Trailer parts
HW-HL Trailer parts
BSS Trailer parts
Other truck parts
AVIA parts
IKARUS parts
Kamaz parts
MAN parts
MTZ parts
RENAULT parts
Tools
Tools
Others
Bearings
Repair kits
Additionals
O-rings
Shaft seals
Gaskets
Pneumatic system

Cylinder Liner - AP, d=85mm, MULTICAR M24-M25

Cylinder Liner - AP, d=85mm, MULTICAR M24-M25
Product Number:
MU-00032 01
Net price: 1 pc.
17.10 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
21.72 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Cylinder Liner - AP, IFA W50

Cylinder Liner - AP, IFA W50
Product Number:
0011 023 11
Net price: 1 pc.
30.89 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
39.23 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Cylinder Liner - Chinese, IFA W50

Cylinder Liner - Chinese, IFA W50
Product Number:
0011 023 21
Net price: 1 pc.
23.16 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
29.41 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Cylinder Liner - DURAMOTO, IFA W50

Cylinder Liner - DURAMOTO, IFA W50
Product Number:
0011 023 41
Net price: 1 pc.
29.50 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
37.46 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Cylinder Liner - IFA L60

Cylinder Liner - IFA L60
Product Number:
1140 020 01
Net price: 1 pc.
31.72 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
40.28 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Cylinder Liner - WEIMAR

Cylinder Liner - WEIMAR
Product Number:
0000 601
Net price: 1 pc.
115.89 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
147.18 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Cylinder Liner d=85 - DURAMOTO, MULTICAR M24-M25

Cylinder Liner d=85 - DURAMOTO, MULTICAR M24-M25
Product Number:
MU-00032 02
Net price: 1 pc.
14.59 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
18.52 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Cylinder Liner d=90 mm - MULTICAR M24-M25

Cylinder Liner d=90 mm - MULTICAR M24-M25
Product Number:
MU-00033 01
Net price: 1 pc.
20.22 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
25.68 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Cylinder Liner und Piston for 2 cylinders - WEIMAR

No picture found!
Product Number:
9999 858
Net price: 1 set
343.82 EUR
Gross price: 1 set
436.66 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Cylindrical roller set for planetary gears - IFA L60

Cylindrical roller set for planetary gears - IFA L60
Cylindrical roller set for planetary gears - IFA L60
Product Number:
0923 437 216
Net price: 1 pc.
30.21 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
38.36 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Deflector for brake cylinder - IFA L60

Deflector for brake cylinder - IFA L60
Product Number:
1855 150 00
Net price: 1 pc.
3.20 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
4.06 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Dehumidifier cartridge - GMP

Dehumidifier cartridge - GMP
Product Number:
0000 205
Net price: 1 pc.
10.30 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
13.08 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Dichtung Blatt - 1000x500x1.5mm

Dichtung Blatt - 1000x500x1.5mm
Product Number:
0000 417
Net price: 1 pc.
10.74 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
13.64 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Differential - front, slow, used - IFA L60

Differential - front, slow, used - IFA L60
Product Number:
0000 057 b
Net price: 1 pc.
134.25 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
170.50 EUR
Not shippable
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Differential - rear, slow, used, IFA L60

No picture found!
Product Number:
0000 135 b
Net price: 1 pc.
134.25 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
170.50 EUR
Not shippable
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Differential bevel gear - IFA W50-L60

Differential bevel gear - IFA W50-L60
Differential bevel gear - IFA W50-L60
Differential bevel gear - IFA W50-L60
Product Number:
0153 116 00
Net price: 1 pc.
18.85 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
23.94 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Differential housing - IFA W50

Differential housing - IFA W50
Product Number:
0155 046 00
Net price: 1 pc.
29.97 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
38.06 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Differential housing with differential lock - front, IFA W50

No picture found!
Product Number:
0153 077 00
Net price: 1 pc.
93.98 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
119.35 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Differential housing with differential lock - rear, IFA W50

Differential housing with differential lock - rear, IFA W50
Product Number:
0153 052 00
Net price: 1 pc.
93.98 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
119.35 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Differential pinion - IFA W50-L60

Differential pinion - IFA W50-L60
Product Number:
0153 108 00
Net price: 1 pc.
30.45 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
38.67 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Differential signal contact - IFA W50

Differential signal contact - IFA W50
Product Number:
0156 151 01
Net price: 1 pc.
9.77 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
12.40 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Differential switch - pneumatic, IFA W50

Differential switch - pneumatic, IFA W50
Product Number:
0236 512 01
Net price: 1 pc.
35.25 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
44.77 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Differential with differential lock - front, complete, IFA W50

Differential with differential lock - front, complete, IFA W50
Product Number:
0153 550 00
Net price: 1 pc.
282.74 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
359.08 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Differential without differential lock - rear, complete, 4x2, IFA W50

No picture found!
Product Number:
0153 173 00
Net price: 1 pc.
282.74 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
359.08 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Diode for generator - negative, IFA W50-L60

Diode for generator - negative, IFA W50-L60
Product Number:
0031 381 00
Net price: 1 pc.
0.9398 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
1.19 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Diode for generator - positive, IFA W50-L60

Diode for generator - positive, IFA W50-L60
Product Number:
0031 316 00
Net price: 1 pc.
0.9398 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
1.19 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Disc piston for transfer gearbox - IFA L60

Disc piston for transfer gearbox - IFA L60
Product Number:
1590 175 01
Net price: 1 pc.
13.29 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
16.88 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Door - right, empty, IFA W50-L60

No picture found!
Product Number:
0406 588 00
Net price: 1 pc.
44.44 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
56.43 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Door handle - with lock, remanufactured, IFA W50-L60

Door handle - with lock, remanufactured, IFA W50-L60
Product Number:
0962 451 01
Net price: 1 pc.
7.41 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
9.41 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Door hinge bolt - d=8, IFA W50-L60

Door hinge bolt - d=8, IFA W50-L60
Door hinge bolt - d=8, IFA W50-L60
Product Number:
0406 290 01
Net price: 1 pc.
3.65 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
4.64 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Door lock stop - left, IFA W50-L60

Door lock stop - left, IFA W50-L60
Door lock stop - left, IFA W50-L60
Product Number:
3415 328 01
Net price: 1 pc.
1.34 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
1.71 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More

Door lock stop - left, original, IFA W50-L60

Door lock stop - left, original, IFA W50-L60
Product Number:
3415 328 00
Net price: 1 pc.
1.53 EUR
Gross price: 1 pc.
1.94 EUR
Prices are of informative nature!
More